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Corylus colurna - L.

Common Name Turkish Hazel, Chinese hazelnut, Turkish Filbert, Turkish Hazel
Family Betulaceae
USDA hardiness 4-7
Known Hazards None known
Habitats Shady mixed forests, 1000 - 1800 metres in E. Asia[74]. Found at altitudes up to 3000 metres in the Himalayas where it is found mainly on northerly aspects and in shady places[146, 158].
Range S.E. Europe to W. Asia.
Edibility Rating    (3 of 5)
Other Uses    (3 of 5)
Weed Potential No
Medicinal Rating    (1 of 5)
Care (info)
Fully Hardy Moist Soil Semi-shade Full sun
Corylus colurna Turkish Hazel, Chinese hazelnut, Turkish Filbert, Turkish  Hazel


http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:EmailUser/Jean-Pol_GRANDMONT
Corylus colurna Turkish Hazel, Chinese hazelnut, Turkish Filbert, Turkish  Hazel

 

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Summary

Form: Oval, Pyramidal.


Physical Characteristics

 icon of manicon of lolypop
Corylus colurna is a deciduous Tree growing to 20 m (65ft) by 7 m (23ft) at a slow rate.
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 5. It is in flower from April to May, and the seeds ripen from September to October. The species is monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and is pollinated by Wind. The plant is self-fertile.
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils.
It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist soil and can tolerate drought. The plant can tolerates strong winds but not maritime exposure.

UK Hardiness Map US Hardiness Map

Synonyms

Habitats

Woodland Garden Canopy; Secondary; Sunny Edge; Dappled Shade;

Edible Uses

Edible Parts: Oil  Seed
Edible Uses: Oil

Seed - raw or cooked[2, 22, 46, 105]. Rich in oil. As nice a flavour as C. avellana, the common hazel nut[146, 158]. The seed ripens in mid to late autumn and will probably need to be protected from squirrels[K]. When kept in a cool place, and not shelled, the seed should store for at least 12 months[K]. An edible oil is obtained from the seed.

References   More on Edible Uses

Medicinal Uses

Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Tonic

The seeds are tonic[240].

References   More on Medicinal Uses

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FOOD FOREST PLANTS

Other Uses

Oil  Wood

Wood - firm, durable, moderately hard. Used for furniture, turnery etc[74, 158].

Special Uses

Carbon Farming  Food Forest

References   More on Other Uses

Cultivation details

Management: Standard  Regional Crop  Staple Crop: Protein-oil

Landscape Uses:Firewood, Specimen, Street tree. An easily grown plant, it succeeds in most soils, but is in general more productive of seeds when grown on soils of moderate fertility[11, 200]. It does less well in rich heavy soils or poor ones[11, 63]. Does well in a loamy soil[11]. Very suitable for an alkaline soil[11], but it dislikes very acid soils[17]. Tolerates a pH in the range 5.3 to 7.3. Once established, this is a very drought resistant tree[183]. It does not produce suckers[183]. Plants are fairly wind tolerant[1, 11]. A very ornamental tree[1]. Members of this genus bear transplanting well and can be easily moved even when relatively large[11]. The Turkish hazel is occasionally cultivated for its edible seed[46, 61, 158]. This species is also useful in hybridizing with C. avellana in order to develop superior fruiting cultivars[183]. Special Features:Not North American native, Inconspicuous flowers or blooms. The plant is heat tolerant in zones 7 through 5. (Plant Hardiness Zones show how well plants withstand cold winter temperatures. Plant Heat Zones show when plants would start suffering from the heat. The Plant Heat Zone map is based on the number of "heat days" experienced in a given area where the temperature climbs to over 86 degrees F (30°C). At this temperature, many plants begin to suffer physiological damage. Heat Zones range from 1 (no heat days) to 12 (210 or more heat days). For example Heat Zone. 11-1 indicates that the plant is heat tolerant in zones 11 through 1.) For polyculture design as well as the above-ground architecture (form - tree, shrub etc. and size shown above) information on the habit and root pattern is also useful and given here if available. The plant growth habit is a standard with a non-suckering single trunk [1-2]. The root pattern is flat with shallow roots forming a plate near the soil surface [1-2].

Carbon Farming

  • Management: Standard  Plants grow to their standard height. Harvest fruit, seeds, or other products. Non-Destructive management systems.
  • Regional Crop  These crops have been domesticated and cultivated regionally but have not been adopted elsewhere and are typically not traded globally, Examples in this broad category include perennial cottons and many nuts and staple fruits.
  • Staple Crop: Protein-oil  (16+ percent protein, 16+ percent oil). Annuals include soybeans, peanuts, sunflower seeds. Perennials include seeds, beans, nuts, and fruits such as almond, Brazil nut, pistachio, walnut, hazel, and safou.

References   Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information

Temperature Converter

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Propagation

Seed - best sown as soon as it is harvested in autumn in a cold frame[164]. Germinates in late winter or spring. Stored seed should be pre-soaked in warm water for 48 hours and then given 2 weeks warm followed by 3 - 4 months cold stratification[164]. Germinates in 1 - 6 months at 20°c[164]. When large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in a cold frame or sheltered place outdoors for their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer[K]. Layering in autumn. Easy, it takes about 6 months[78, 200].

Other Names

If available other names are mentioned here

Native Plant Search

Search over 900 plants ideal for food forests and permaculture gardens. Filter to search native plants to your area. The plants selected are the plants in our book 'Plants For Your Food Forest: 500 Plants for Temperate Food Forests and Permaculture Gardens, as well as plants chosen for our forthcoming related books for Tropical/Hot Wet Climates and Mediterranean/Hot Dry Climates. Native Plant Search

Found In

Countries where the plant has been found are listed here if the information is available

Weed Potential

Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section. Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status :

Related Plants
Latin NameCommon NameHabitHeightHardinessGrowthSoilShadeMoistureEdibleMedicinalOther
Corylus americanaAmerican HazelTree3.0 4-8  LMHSNM312
Corylus avellanaCommon Hazel, Common filbert, European Filbert, Harry Lauder's Walking Stick, Corkscrew Hazel, HazelTree6.0 4-8 MLMHSNM525
Corylus avellana pontica Tree0.0 -  LMHSNM403
Corylus chinensisChinese HazelTree24.0 5-9  LMHSNM20 
Corylus cornutaBeaked Hazel, California hazelnut, Turkish Filbert, Turkish HazelShrub3.0 4-7  LMHSNM313
Corylus cornuta californicaCalifornia HazelShrub8.0 4-8  LMHSNM304
Corylus fargesii Tree15.0 -  LMHSNM20 
Corylus feroxHimalayan Hazel, Tibetan hazelnutTree10.0 7-10  LMHSNM202
Corylus heterophyllaSiberian FilbertTree7.0 4-8  LMHSNM314
Corylus hybrids & neohybridsHybrid & Neohybrids, Hazel, FilbertShrub25.0 4-9 MLMHSNM525
Corylus jacquemontiiIndian Tree HazelTree25.0 6-9  LMHSNM30 
Corylus maximaFilbert, Giant filbertShrub6.0 4-8  LMHSNM505
Corylus sieboldianaJapanese Hazel, Manchurian hazelShrub5.0 5-9  LMHSNM301
Corylus sieboldiana mandschuricaHairy hazel, Japanese hazelnut,Shrub4.5 5-9  LMHSNM301
Corylus tibetica Tree15.0 6-9  LMHSNM20 
Corylus x colurnoidesTrazelTree15.0 0-0  LMHSNM300
Corylus x vilmoriniiChinese TrazelTree25.0 4-8  LMHSNM20 

Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.

 

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Expert comment

Author

L.

Botanical References

1174200

Links / References

For a list of references used on this page please go here

Readers comment

Mr Nixon   Tue May 30 2006

very helpfull thankyou, i needed some of this information for my course work. in my opinion it is clear and easy to read, but the only thing bad i will say is that you should put significant pests and diseases of this tree on there and you should have the basic maintenance of the tree when it is young, and a few pictures wouldnt go amiss either.

Dr K.K. Srivastava, Assistant Professor, SKUAST -k, Shalimar, Srinagar, J& K    Wed Nov 15 2006

In kashmir condition Corylus colurna is found in ample amount, i have tried its propagation by sucker cutting in IBA treatment and incourgaging success have been attained. Further its sucker grown on the root hence it is difficult to raise from since it has no fibrous root. A part of previous wood helps for rooting .

ndiaye   Fri Aug 29 2008

i need seeds of this tree if possible can be plant in western african country or more trees are have shade please email me to let me know how to reach you or how to get those seeds thank you

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