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100 Nitrogen Fixing Plants for Temperate Food Forests

A selection of nitrogen fixing plants that are ideal for forest gardens

Acacia angustissima

Prairie acacia. Timbre. Fernleaf Acacia

Tree
Height H: 5m or 17ft
Hardiness Zones: 7 to 10
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Acacia angustissima

Acacia dealbata

Mimosa, Silver wattle

Tree
Height H: 25m or 83ft
Hardiness Zones: 7 to 10
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Acacia dealbata

Acacia decurrens

Green Wattle

Tree
Height H: 12m or 40ft
Hardiness Zones: 6 to 9
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Acacia decurrens

Alnus cordata

Italian Alder

Tree
Height H: 25m or 83ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry, moist or wet

Alnus cordata

Alnus glutinosa

Alder, European alder , Common Alder, Black Alder

Tree
Height H: 25m or 83ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist or wet

Alnus glutinosa

Alnus incana

Grey Alder, Speckled alder, Thinleaf alder, White Alder

Tree
Height H: 18m or 60ft
Hardiness Zones: 2 to 6
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry, moist or wet

Alnus incana

Alnus rubra

Red Alder, Oregon Alder

Tree
Height H: 20m or 66ft
Hardiness Zones: 7 to 8
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist or wet

Alnus rubra

Alnus rugosa

Speckled Alder

Tree
Height H: 22m or 73ft
Hardiness Zones: 2 to 6
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist or wet

Alnus rugosa

Alnus serrulata

Smooth Alder, Hazel alder

Shrub
Height H: 4.5m or 15ft
Hardiness Zones:3 to 9
Light Sun
Moisture Moist or wet

Alnus serrulata

Alnus sinuata

Sitka Alder

Shrub
Height H: 4m or 14ft
Hardiness Zones:3 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist or wet

Alnus sinuata

Alnus viridis crispa

American Green Alder

Shrub
Height H: 3m or 10ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist or wet

Alnus viridis crispa

Amorpha canescens

Lead Plant

Shrub
Height H: 1.2m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 2 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Amorpha canescens

Amorpha fruticosa

False Indigo, False indigo bush

Shrub
Height H: 4.5m or 15ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Amorpha fruticosa

Amorpha nana

Dwarf Indigobush, Dwarf false indigo, Dwarf Indigo

Shrub
Height H: 0.6m or 2ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Amorpha nana

Amphicarpaea bracteata

Hog Peanut, American hogpeanut

Perennial Climber
Height H: 1.5m or 5ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 9
Light Shade, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Amphicarpaea bracteata

Apios americana

Ground Nut

Perennial
Height H: 1.2m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Apios americana

Apios fortunei

Hodo, Hodoimo

Perennial
Height H: 0m or 0ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Apios fortunei

Apios priceana

Traveler's delight

Perennial
Height H: 3m or 10ft
Hardiness Zones: 6 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Apios priceana

Arachis hypogaea

Peanut

Annual
Height H: 0.3m or 1ft
Hardiness Zones: 7 to 10
Light Sun
Moisture Moist

Arachis hypogaea

Astragalus canadensis

Canadian Milkvetch, Shorttooth Canadian milkvetch, Morton's Canadian milkvetch

Perennial
Height H: 1m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 7 to 10
Light Sun
Moisture Dry

Astragalus canadensis

Astragalus crassicarpus

Ground Plum, Groundplum milkvetch

Perennial
Height H: 0.5m or 2ft
Hardiness Zones: 6 to 9
Light Sun
Moisture Dry

Astragalus crassicarpus

Astragalus glycyphyllos

Milk Vetch, Licorice milkvetch

Perennial
Height H: 0.2m or 1ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7
Light Sun
Moisture Dry

Astragalus glycyphyllos

Astragalus membranaceus

Huang Qi

Perennial
Height H: 0.3m or 1ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
Light Sun
Moisture Dry

Astragalus membranaceus

Baptisia australis

Wild Indigo, Blue wild indigo, Blue False Indigo

Perennial
Height H: 1.5m or 5ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 9
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Baptisia australis

Baptisia tinctoria

Wild Indigo, Horseflyweed

Perennial
Height H: 0.9m or 3ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Baptisia tinctoria

Caragana arborescens

Siberian Pea Tree, Siberian peashrub

Shrub
Height H: 6m or 20ft
Hardiness Zones: 2 to 7
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Caragana arborescens

Caragana pygmaea

Pygmy Peashrub

Shrub
Height H: 1.2m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Caragana pygmaea

Ceanothus americanus

New Jersey Tea, Wild Snowball

Shrub
Height H: 1.2m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Ceanothus americanus

Ceanothus prostratus

Squaw Carpet, Prostrate ceanothus

Shrub
Height H: 0.1m or 1ft
Hardiness Zones: 6 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Ceanothus prostratus

Cercis occidentalis

Western Redbud, California Redbud

Shrub
Height H: 4.5m or 15ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Cercis occidentalis

Cercis siliquastrum

Judas Tree, Redbud

Tree
Height H: 12m or 40ft
Hardiness Zones: 6 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Cercis siliquastrum

Cercocarpus montanus

Mountain Mahogany, Alderleaf mountain mahogany, Silver mountain mahogany, Island mountain mahogany,

Shrub
Height H: 4m or 14ft
Hardiness Zones: 6 to 7
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Cercocarpus montanus

Clitoria mariana

Atlantic Pigeonwings, Butterfly Pea

Perennial Climber
Height H: 0.8m or 3ft
Hardiness Zones: 6 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Clitoria mariana

Colutea arborescens

Bladder Senna

Shrub
Height H: 3.6m or 12ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Colutea arborescens

Comptonia peregrina

Sweet Fern

Shrub
Height H: 1.5m or 5ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 6
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Comptonia peregrina

Cytisus decumbens

Prostrate Broom

Shrub
Height H: 0.2m or 1ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 8
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Cytisus decumbens

Cytisus scoparius

Broom, Scotch broom, Common Broom

Shrub
Height H: 2.4m or 8ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 8
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Cytisus scoparius
"

Desmodium canadense

Showy tick-trefoil

Perennial
Height H: 0.9m or 3ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 6
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Desmodium canadense

Desmodium glutinosum

Pointed-leaved Ticktrefoil

Perennial
Height H: 0.9m or 3ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Desmodium glutinosum

Dryas octopetala

Mountain Avens, Eightpetal mountain-avens, Alaskan mountain-avens, Hooker's mountain-avens, Kamtsch

Shrub
Height H: 0.1m or 1ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 6
Light Sun
Moisture Moist

Dryas octopetala

Elaeagnus angustifolia

Oleaster, Russian olive

Shrub
Height H: 7m or 23ft
Hardiness Zones: 2 to 7
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Elaeagnus angustifolia

Elaeagnus commutata

Silverberry

Shrub
Height H: 3m or 10ft
Hardiness Zones: 2 to 6
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Elaeagnus commutata

Elaeagnus glabra

Goat nipple

Shrub
Height H: 6m or 20ft
Hardiness Zones: 7 to 10
Light Sun, Semi-shade, Shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Elaeagnus glabra

Elaeagnus multiflora

Goumi, Cherry silverberry

Shrub
Height H: 3m or 10ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Elaeagnus multiflora

Elaeagnus pungens

Elaeagnus, Thorny olive, Thorny Elaeagnus, Oleaster, Silverberry, Silverthorn, Pungent Elaeagnus

Shrub
Height H: 4m or 14ft
Hardiness Zones: 6 to 10
Light Sun, Semi-shade, Shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Elaeagnus pungens

Elaeagnus umbellata

Autumn Olive

Shrub
Height H: 4.5m or 15ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Elaeagnus umbellata

Elaeagnus x ebbingei

Elaeagnus, Ebbing's Silverberry

Shrub
Height H: 5m or 17ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade, Shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Elaeagnus x ebbingei

Genista pilosa

Hairy greenweed, silkyleaf broom

Shrub
Height H: 0.3m or 1ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 8
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Genista pilosa

Genista pilosa procumbens

Creeping broom, Creeping hairy broom

Shrub
Height H: 0.1m or 1ft
Hardiness Zones: 6 to 8
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Genista pilosa procumbens

Genista sagittalis

Winged Broom, Arrow Broom

Shrub
Height H: 0.3m or 1ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 8
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Genista sagittalis

Genista tinctoria

Dyer's Greenweed, Common Woadwaxen, Broom

Shrub
Height H: 0.6m or 2ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 7
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Genista tinctoria

Glycyrrhiza echinata

Wild Liquorice, Chinese licorice

Perennial
Height H: 1m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 7 to 10
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Glycyrrhiza echinata

Glycyrrhiza glabra

Liquorice, Cultivated licorice

Perennial
Height H: 1.2m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 7 to 10
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Glycyrrhiza glabra

Glycyrrhiza lepidota

American Liquorice

Perennial
Height H: 1m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 8
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Glycyrrhiza lepidota

Glycyrrhiza uralensis

Gan Cao

Perennial
Height H: 0.6m or 2ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Glycyrrhiza uralensis

Hedysarum boreale

Sweet Vetch, Utah sweetvetch, Northern sweetvetch

Perennial
Height H: 0.1m or 1ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7
Light Sun
Moisture Moist

Hedysarum boreale

Hippophae rhamnoides

Sea Buckthorn, Seaberry

Shrub
Height H: 6m or 20ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7
Light Sun
Moisture Dry, moist or wet

Hippophae rhamnoides

Hippophae salicifolia

Willow-Leaved Sea Buckthorn

Tree
Height H: 15m or 50ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7
Light Sun
Moisture Dry, moist or wet

Hippophae salicifolia

Indigofera decora

Chinese indigo

Shrub
Height H: 1m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 7
Light Sun
Moisture Moist

Indigofera decora

Lathyrus japonicus maritimus

Beach Pea

Perennial
Height H: 0.6m or 2ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Lathyrus japonicus maritimus

Lathyrus latifolius

Perennial Sweet Pea, Perennial pea

Perennial Climber
Height H: 2m or 7ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Lathyrus latifolius

Lathyrus linifolius montanus

Bitter Vetch

Perennial
Height H: 0.6m or 2ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Lathyrus linifolius montanus

Lathyrus odoratus

Sweet Pea, Wild Pea,Vetchling

Annual Climber
Height H: 2m or 7ft
Hardiness Zones: 2 to 11
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Lathyrus odoratus

Lathyrus tuberosus

Earthnut Pea, Tuberous sweetpea

Perennial
Height H: 1.2m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Lathyrus tuberosus

Lespedeza bicolor

Lespedeza, Shrub lespedeza

Shrub
Height H: 3m or 10ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Lespedeza bicolor

Lespedeza capitata

Roundhead Lespedeza

Shrub
Height H: 1m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun
Moisture Moist

Lespedeza capitata

Lespedeza maximowiczii

NULL

Shrub
Height H: 3.5m or 12ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun
Moisture Moist

Lespedeza maximowiczii

Lotus corniculatus

Bird's Foot Trefoil

Perennial
Height H: 0.3m or 1ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 8
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Lotus corniculatus

Lotus uliginosus

Greater Bird's Foot Trefoil

Perennial
Height H: 0.4m or 2ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
Light Sun
Moisture Moist or wet

Lotus uliginosus

Lupinus angustifolius

Blue Lupin, Narrowleaf lupine

Annual
Height H: 1m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 7 to 9
Light Sun
Moisture Moist

Lupinus angustifolius

Lupinus arboreus

Tree Lupin, Yellow bush lupine

Shrub
Height H: 1.5m or 5ft
Hardiness Zones: 7 to 10
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Lupinus arboreus

Lupinus perennis

Sundial Lupine

Perennial
Height H: 0.6m or 2ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Lupinus perennis

Lupinus perennis

Sundial Lupine

Perennial
Height H: 0.6m or 2ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Lupinus perennis

Maackia amurensis

Chinese Yellow Wood, Amur maackia

Shrub
Height H: 6m or 20ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 7
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Maackia amurensis

Medicago sativa

Alfalfa, Yellow alfalfa

Perennial
Height H: 1m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Medicago sativa

Myrica californica

Californian Bayberry, California Wax Myrtle, California Barberry

Shrub
Height H: 4m or 14ft
Hardiness Zones: 7 to 11
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Myrica californica

Myrica cerifera

Wax Myrtle - Bayberry Wild Cinnamon, Southern Bayberry, Wax Myrtle, Southern Wax Myrtle

Shrub
Height H: 9m or 30ft
Hardiness Zones: 7 to 11
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Myrica cerifera

Myrica gale

Bog Myrtle, Sweetgale

Shrub
Height H: 2m or 7ft
Hardiness Zones: 2 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist or wet

Myrica gale

Myrica pensylvanica

Northern Bayberry

Shrub
Height H: 3m or 10ft
Hardiness Zones: 2 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Myrica pensylvanica

Myrica rubra

Chinese Bayberry

Shrub
Height H: 15m or 50ft
Hardiness Zones: 9 to 11
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Myrica rubra

Onobrychis viciifolia

Sainfoin

Perennial
Height H: 1m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
Light Sun
Moisture Moist

Onobrychis viciifolia

Ononis spinosa

Spiny Rest Harrow

Perennial
Height H: 0.6m or 2ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Ononis spinosa

Phaseolus polystachios

Thicket Bean. Wild bean

Climber
Height H: 3m or 10ft
Hardiness Zones: 6 to 10
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Phaseolus polystachios

Prosopis glandulosa

Honeypod mesquite. Glandular mesquite

Tree
Height H: 7m or 23ft
Hardiness Zones: 8 to 11
Light Sun
Moisture Moist

Prosopis glandulosa

Psoralea esculenta

Breadroot, Large Indian breadroot

Perennial
Height H: 0.3m or 1ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Psoralea esculenta

Robinia hispida

Bristly locust, Rose-acacia, or Moss locust

Shrub
Height H: 3.5m or 12ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Robinia hispida

Robinia pseudoacacia

Black Locust, Yellow Locust

Tree
Height H: 25m or 83ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 9
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Robinia pseudoacacia

Robinia viscosa

Clammy Locust, Hartweg's locust

Tree
Height H: 13m or 43ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Robinia viscosa
"

Shepherdia argentea

Buffalo Berry, Silver Buffaloberry,

Shrub
Height H: 4m or 14ft
Hardiness Zones: 3 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Shepherdia argentea

Shepherdia canadensis

Buffalo Berry, Russet buffaloberry, Canada Buffaloberry

Shrub
Height H: 2.5m or 9ft
Hardiness Zones: 2 to 6
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Shepherdia canadensis

Sophora japonica

Japanese Pagoda Tree, Scholar Tree

Tree
Height H: 20m or 66ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 7
Light Sun
Moisture Moist

Sophora japonica

Strophostyles umbellata

Pink fuzzybean, Perennial wild bean

Perennial Climber
Height H: 1m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 6 to 9
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Strophostyles umbellata

Stylosanthes biflora

Sidebeak pencilflower

Perennial
Height H: 0.5m or 2ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Stylosanthes biflora

Thermopsis villosa

Aaron's rod, Carolina lupine

Perennial
Height H: 1.5m or 5ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 8
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Dry to Moist

Thermopsis villosa

Trifolium incarnatum

Crimson Clover

Annual
Height H: 0.5m or 2ft
Hardiness Zones:3 to 9
Light Sun
Moisture Moist

Trifolium incarnatum

Trifolium pratense

Red Clover

Perennial
Height H: 0.6m or 2ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
Light Sun
Moisture Moist

Trifolium pratense

Trifolium repens

White Clover, Dutch Clover, Purple Dutch Clover, Shamrock, White Clover

Perennial
Height H: 0.1m or 1ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun
Moisture Moist

Trifolium repens

Trifolium subterraneum

Subterranean Clover

Annual
Height H: 0.2m or 1ft
Hardiness Zones: 7 to 10
Light Sun
Moisture Moist

Trifolium subterraneum

Ulex europaeus

Gorse, Common gorse

Shrub
Height H: 1.5m or 5ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
Light Sun
Moisture Dry to Moist

Ulex europaeus

Vicia americana

American Vetch, Mat vetch

Perennial
Height H: 1m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 7
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Vicia americana

Vicia cracca

Tufted Vetch, Bird vetch, Cow vetch

Perennial Climber
Height H: 1.8m or 6ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Vicia cracca

Vicia faba equina

Horsebean

Annual
Height H: 1m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Vicia faba equina

Vicia faba minuta

Tick Bean

Annual
Height H: 1m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Vicia faba minuta

Vicia sativa

Winter Tares, Garden vetch, Subterranean vetch

Annual Climber
Height H: 1.2m or 4ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun, Semi-shade
Moisture Moist

Vicia sativa

Wisteria floribunda

Japanese Wisteria

Climber
Height H: 8m or 27ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
Light Sun
Moisture Moist

Wisteria floribunda

Wisteria frutescens

American Wisteria

Climber
Height H: 12m or 40ft
Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8
Light Sun
Moisture Moist

Wisteria frutescens

Wisteria sinensis

Chinese Wisteria

Climber
Height H: 25m or 83ft
Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
Light Sun
Moisture Moist

Wisteria sinensis

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An important new book from PFAF. It focuses on the attributes of plants suitable for food forests, what each can contribute to a food forest ecosystem, including carbon sequestration, and the kinds of foods they yield. The book suggests that community and small-scale food forests can provide a real alternative to intensive industrialised agriculture, and help to combat the many inter-related environmental crises that threaten the very future of life on Earth.

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