Europe, including Britain, from Scandanavia south and east to N. Africa, temperate Asia to Japan.
Habitat
Dry banks, cliffs and rocks, roadsides and waste places, especially in E. England[17].
Edibility Rating
1 (1-5)
Medicinal Rating
1 (1-5)
Physical Characteristics
Annual/Biennial growing to 0.6m.
It is hardy to zone 7. It is in flower from May to July. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Self.
The plant is self-fertile.
The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil.
The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils.
It can grow in full shade (deep woodland) semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade.
It requires moist soil.
Habitats
Woodland Garden; Dappled Shade; Shady Edge; Deep Shade; North Wall In; East Wall In;
Young leaves - cooked[177, 179].
An infusion of the plant can be used as a beverage[257].
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants.
Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
An infusion of the plant has been used to check a cold when it first appears[257].
An infusion of the plant has been used as a general preventative for sickness and is given to children when sickness is about[257].
Other Uses
None known
Cultivation details
An easily grown plant, doing well in ordinary well-drained soil[1]. It also succeeds in dry soils and on walls[K].
Suitable for the wild garden in situations similar to those in its wild habitat[200].
Propagation
Seed - sow late summer in situ.
Links
References
[K] Ken Fern Notes from observations, tasting etc at Plants For A Future and on field trips.
[1] F. Chittendon.RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press 1951 Comprehensive listing of species and how to grow them. Somewhat outdated, it has been replaces in 1992 by a new dictionary (see [200]).
[17] Clapham, Tootin and Warburg.Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press 1962 A very comprehensive flora, the standard reference book but it has no pictures.
[177] Kunkel. G.Plants for Human Consumption. Koeltz Scientific Books 1984 ISBN 3874292169 An excellent book for the dedicated. A comprehensive listing of latin names with a brief list of edible parts.
[179] Reid. B. E.Famine Foods of the Chiu-Huang Pen-ts'ao. Taipei. Southern Materials Centre 1977 A translation of an ancient Chinese book on edible wild foods. Fascinating.
[200] Huxley. A.The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press 1992 ISBN 0-333-47494-5 Excellent and very comprehensive, though it contains a number of silly mistakes. Readable yet also very detailed.
[257] Moerman. D.Native American Ethnobotany Timber Press. Oregon. 1998 ISBN 0-88192-453-9 Very comprehensive but terse guide to the native uses of plants. Excellent bibliography, fully referenced to each plant, giving a pathway to further information. Not for the casual reader.
Readers Comments
Plants for a Future does not verify the accuracy of reader comments,
use at your own risk. In particular
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants.
You should always consult a professional before using plants medicinally.
Add a comment/link:
Discussion Monitor
To have posts to this page mailed to you enter your email address here:
(Your email address will not appear on the webpage or be passed on to third parties).
All the information contained in these pages is Copyright
(C) Plants For A Future, 1996-2008.
Plants For A Future is a charitable company limited by guarantee, registered in England and Wales.
Charity No. 1057719, Company No. 3204567,
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons License. You
can copy, distribute, display this works and to make derivative works but: Attribution is required, and it's Share Alike (GNUish/copyleft)
i.e. has an identical license. We also ask that you let us know (webmaster@pfaf.org) if
you link to, redistribute, make a derived work or do anything groovy with this information.