Western N. America - Oregon to California to Texas, north to N. Dakota.
Habitat
Dry rocky slopes in sagebrush, scrub and clearings in pine forests to 3000 metres in California[187].
Edibility Rating
1 (1-5)
Medicinal Rating
2 (1-5)
Physical Characteristics
Biennial/Perennial growing to 1m by 0.3m at a slow rate.
It is hardy to zone 7. It is in flower from June to July. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs)
The plant prefers light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and requires well-drained soil.
The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils.
It cannot grow in the shade.
It requires dry or moist soil.
The plant has been boiled up as a tea[257].
The nectar is sucked from the flowers by children[257].
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants.
Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
The whole plant is cathartic and emetic[61, 257].
The leaves are steeped in hot water until the water turns a bright green, this liquid is taken in small doses as a tonic for the blood[207, 257].
An infusion of the whole plant has been used to treat blood diseases[257]. A decoction has been used as a disinfectant wash on itchy skin[257].
A poultice of the whole plant has been applied to rheumatic joints[257].
An infusion of the roots is used as a laxative and in the treatment of high fevers, colds[257].
The plant is reported to contain saponins[212] and so could possibly be used as a soap substitute[K]. A decoction of the plant has been used as a face and hair wash by adolescent girls[257].
The whole plant has been boiled up to make a glue[257].
Scented Plants
Leaves: Crushed
The leaves have a musky scent. The crushed leaves smell like a skunk.
Cultivation details
Requires a well-drained dry soil in sun or partial shade[187]. Requires a light very well drained fertile soil in full sun[200].
Plants are cold-hardy to about -15°c[187], but they are susceptible to rot in areas with wet winters[260]. It is best to cover the plants with a pane of glass in wet winter areas[260].
A slow-growing[188] and short-lived perennial or biennial species[187].
A polymorphic species[60].
The leaves have a musky scent[187]. The crushed leaves smell like a skunk[212].
Propagation
Seed - sow spring in situ[200].
Links
References
[K] Ken Fern Notes from observations, tasting etc at Plants For A Future and on field trips.
[60] Hitchcock. C. L.Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press 1955 A standard flora for Western N. America with lots of information on habitat etc. Five large volumes, it is not for the casual reader.
[61] Usher. G.A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable 1974 ISBN 0094579202 Forget the sexist title, this is one of the best books on the subject. Lists a very extensive range of useful plants from around the world with very brief details of the uses. Not for the casual reader.
[187] Phillips. R. & Rix. M.Perennials Volumes 1 and 2. Pan Books 1991 ISBN 0-330-30936-9 Photographs of over 3,000 species and cultivars of ornamental plants together with brief cultivation notes, details of habitat etc.
[188] Brickell. C.The RHS Gardener's Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers Dorling Kindersley Publishers Ltd. 1990 ISBN 0-86318-386-7 Excellent range of photographs, some cultivation details but very little information on plant uses.
[200] Huxley. A.The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press 1992 ISBN 0-333-47494-5 Excellent and very comprehensive, though it contains a number of silly mistakes. Readable yet also very detailed.
[204] Livingstone. B.Flora of Canada National Museums of Canada 1978 ISBN 0-660-00025-3 In 4 volumes, it does not deal with plant uses but gives descriptions and habitats.
[207] Coffey. T.The History and Folklore of North American Wild Flowers. Facts on File. 1993 ISBN 0-8160-2624-6 A nice read, lots of information on plant uses.
[212] Craighead. J., Craighead. F. and Davis. R.A Field Guide to Rocky Mountain Wildflowers The Riverside Press 1963 ISBN 63-7093 Excellent little pocket guide to the area, covering 590 species and often giving details of their uses.
[257] Moerman. D.Native American Ethnobotany Timber Press. Oregon. 1998 ISBN 0-88192-453-9 Very comprehensive but terse guide to the native uses of plants. Excellent bibliography, fully referenced to each plant, giving a pathway to further information. Not for the casual reader.
[260] Phillips. R. & Rix. M.Conservatory and Indoor Plants Volumes 1 & 2 Pan Books, London. 1998 ISBN 0-330-37376-5 Excellent photos of over 1,100 species and cultivars with habits and cultivation details plus a few plant uses. Many species are too tender for outdoors in Britain though there are many that can be grown outside.
Readers Comments
Plants for a Future does not verify the accuracy of reader comments,
use at your own risk. In particular
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants.
You should always consult a professional before using plants medicinally.
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